The Oracle Database Product Family

	Oracle Database is available in the following editions, each suitable for different development and deployment scenarios. Oracle also offers several database options, packs, and other products that enhance the capabilities of Oracle Database for specific purposes. This section describes the Oracle Database editions. The database options and associated products are described in Chapter 2, "Options and Packs". Oracle Database Standard Edition 2 Oracle Database Standard Edition 2 delivers unprecedented ease of use, power, and performance for workgroup, department-level, and Web applications. Note: Oracle Database Standard Edition 2 is available starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2). For 12.1.0.1, Oracle Database Standard Edition One and Oracle Database Standard Edition are available. Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Oracle Database Enterprise Edition provides the performance, availability, scalability, and security required for mission-critical applications such as high-volume online transaction processing (OLTP) applications, query-intensive data warehouses, and demanding Internet applications. Oracle Database Enterprise Edition contains all of the components of Oracle Database, and can be further enhanced with the purchase of the options and packs described in Chapter 2, "Options and Packs". Oracle Database Express Edition  Oracle Database Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) is an entry-level edition of Oracle Database that is quick to download, simple to install and manage, and is free to develop, deploy, and distribute. Oracle Database XE makes it easy to upgrade to the other editions of Oracle without costly and complex migrations. Oracle Database XE can be installed on any size machine with any number of CPUs, stores up to 11 GB of user data, using up to 1 GB of memory, and using only one CPU on the host machine. Support is provided by an online forum. The current version of Oracle Database XE is Oracle Database 11g Release 2. Oracle Database Personal Edition Oracle Database Personal Edition supports single-user development and deployment environments that require full compatibility with Oracle Database Standard Edition One, Oracle Database Standard Edition, and Oracle Database Enterprise Edition. Personal Edition includes all of the components that are included with Enterprise Edition, as well as all of the options that are available with Enterprise Edition, with the exception of the Oracle Real Application Clusters option, which cannot be used with Personal Edition. Personal Edition is available on Windows and Linux platforms only. The Management Packs are not included in Personal Edition. Feature Availability by Edition Table 1-1 lists feature availability for Oracle Database Standard Edition One (SE1), Standard Edition (SE), Standard Edition 2 (SE2), and Enterprise Edition (EE).   The Y value in a column means that the feature is available in the specified release; N means that it is unavailable. This table can help you understand the difference between the editions and determine whether you require Enterprise Edition (or Personal Edition for a single-user environment). Note that Oracle Database XE is a separate product from the rest of the Oracle Database product family. The features available with Oracle Database XE are documented in Oracle Database Express Edition Licensing Information, which is installed along with the product itself. The current version of Oracle Database XE is Oracle Database 11g Release 2. Note: Oracle Database Standard Edition 2 (SE2) is available starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2). For 12.1.0.1, Oracle Database Standard Edition One (SE1) and Oracle Database Standard Edition (SE) are available. Table 1-1 Feature Availability for Oracle Database Editions Feature/Option SE1 SE/SE2 EE Notes Consolidation Multitenant N N Y Extra cost option for up to 252 pluggable databases. The multitenant architecture with one user-created pluggable database (single tenant) is available in all editions. Snapshots and Cloning Storage Snapshot Optimization N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option High Availability Application Continuity N N Y Requires the Active Data Guard option or the Real Application Clusters option Oracle Fail Safe Y Y Y Windows only Oracle RAC One Node N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Data Guard—Redo Apply N N Y Oracle Data Guard—Far Sync Standby N N Y Requires the Active Data Guard option Oracle Data Guard—SQL Apply N N Y Oracle Data Guard—Snapshot Standby N N Y Oracle Data Guard—Real-Time Cascading Standbys N N Y Requires the Active Data Guard option Oracle Active Data Guard N N Y Extra cost option Rolling Upgrades—Patch Set, Database, and Operating System N N Y Rolling Upgrade Using Active Data Guard N N Y Requires the Active Data Guard option Online index rebuild N N Y Online index-organized table organization N N Y ALTER TABLE ... MOVE ONLINE operations Online table redefinition N N Y Using the DBMS_REDEFINITION package Duplexed backup sets N N Y Block change tracking for fast incremental backup N N Y Unused block compression in backups N N Y Block-level media recovery N N Y Lost Write Protection N N Y Automatic Block Repair N N Y Requires the Active Data Guard option Parallel backup and recovery N N Y Tablespace point-in-time recovery N N Y Trial recovery N N Y Fast-start fault recovery N N Y Flashback Table N N Y Flashback Database N N Y Flashback Transaction N N Y Flashback Transaction Query N N Y Optimization for Flashback Data Archive N N Y Basic Flashback Data Archive is in all editions. Optimization for Flashback Data Archive requires EE and the Advanced Compression option. Online Datafile Move N N Y Transaction Guard N N Y Cross-platform Backup and Recovery N N Y Global Data Services N N Y Requires the Active Data Guard option Recovering tables and table partitions from RMAN backups N N Y Scalability Oracle Real Application Clusters N Y Y Extra cost with EE, included with SE and SE2 Automatic Workload Management N Y Y Requires the Real Application Clusters option Quality of Service Management N N Y Requires the Real Application Clusters option Performance Client Side Query Cache N N Y Query Results Cache N N Y PL/SQL Function Result Cache N N Y TimesTen Application-Tier Database Cache N N Y Extra cost option Database Smart Flash Cache N N Y Solaris and Oracle Linux only Support for Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software N N Y Adaptive Execution Plans N N Y Concurrent Execution of UNION and UNION ALL Branches N N Y In-Memory Column Store (Note 1) N N Y Requires the Database In-Memory option Fault Tolerant In-Memory Column Store (Note 1) N N Y Requires the Database In-Memory option, the Real Application Clusters option, and Exadata or Supercluster In-Memory Aggregation (Note 1) N N Y Requires the Database In-Memory option Attribute Clustering (Note 1) N N Y Zone Maps (Note 1) N N Y Requires the Partitioning option, and Exadata or Supercluster Security Oracle Advanced Security N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Database Vault N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Label Security N N Y Extra cost option Enterprise User Security N N Y Enterprise User Security is an EE feature for directory-based management of database users. It requires a corresponding Oracle Identity Management Directory Services Plus to be licensed. Usage of Enterprise User Security with Oracle Database strong authentication (PKI, Kerberos) no longer requires Oracle Advanced Security to be licensed. Fine-grained Auditing N N Y Privilege Analysis N N Y Requires the Database Vault option Real Application Security N N Y Redaction N N Y Requires Oracle Advanced Security Secure External Password Store N N Y Transparent Sensitive Data Protection N N Y Virtual Private Database N N Y Development Platform SQLJ Y Y Y Requires Oracle Programmer Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio .NET Y Y Y Windows only Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator support Y Y Y Windows only Active Directory integration Y Y Y Windows only Native .NET Data Provider—ODP.NET Y Y Y Windows only .NET Stored Procedures Y Y Y Windows only Manageability Oracle Cloud Management Pack for Oracle Database N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting Pack for Oracle and Non-Oracle Databases N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Database Lifecycle Management Pack for Oracle Database N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Diagnostics Pack N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Tuning Pack N N Y Extra cost option, also requires Oracle Diagnostics Pack Oracle Real Application Testing N N Y Extra cost option Database Resource Manager N N Y CPU resource management is available on all platforms; I/O resource management requires Exadata or Supercluster storage Instance Caging N N Y SQL Plan Management N N Y Rapid Home Provisioning (Note 1) N N Y When deployed across multiple clusters, requires Lifecycle Management Pack on targets VLDB, Data Warehousing, Business Intelligence Oracle Partitioning N N Y Extra cost option Oracle OLAP N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Advanced Analytics N N Y Extra cost option Oracle Advanced Compression N N Y Extra cost option Advanced Index Compression (Note 1) N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option Prefix Compression (also called Key Compression) N N Y Hybrid Columnar Compression N N Y Requires Exadata, Supercluster, ZFS, Axiom, or FS1 storage Hybrid Columnar Compression Row-Level Locking (Note 1) N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option, and Exadata, Supercluster, ZFS, or FS1 storage Exadata Flash Cache Compression N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option, and Exadata or Supercluster Heat Map N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option Automatic Data Optimization N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option Basic Table Compression N N Y Deferred Segment Creation N N Y Bitmapped index, bitmapped join index, and bitmap plan conversions N N Y Parallel query/DML N N Y Parallel statistics gathering N N Y Parallel index build/scans N N Y Parallel Data Pump Export/Import N N Y In-memory Parallel Execution N N Y Parallel Statement Queuing N N Y Parallel capture and apply via XStream N N Y Transportable tablespaces, including cross-platform and full transportable export and import N N Y Import of transportable tablespaces supported into SE, SE1, SE2, and EE Summary management—Materialized View Query Rewrite N N Y Integration Basic Replication Y Y Y SE/SE1/SE2: read-only, updateable materialized view Advanced Replication N N Y Multi-master replication Oracle Streams Y Y Y SE/SE1/SE2: no capture from redo Database Gateways Y Y Y Separate product license Messaging Gateway N N Y Sharded Queues N N Y Requires the Partitioning option Networking Oracle Connection Manager N N Y Available via a custom install of the Oracle Database client, usually installed on a separate machine See "Oracle Connection Manager" for more information Infiniband Support N N Y Network Compression N N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option Network Encryption (SSL/TLS) Y Y Y Spatial and Graph Data Oracle Spatial and Graph N N Y Extra cost option Graph and Semantic Technologies (RDF/OWL) N N Y Requires the Spatial and Graph option and the Partitioning option Parallel spatial index builds N N Y Multimaster replication of SDO_GEOMETRY objects N N Y Single master/materialized view replication for SDO_GEOMETRY objects is supported with both Standard Edition, Standard Edition 2, and Enterprise Edition Partitioned spatial indexes N N Y Requires the Partitioning option
	Features Specific to Oracle Engineered Systems and Oracle Storage Table 1-2 lists feature availability for Oracle Engineered Systems and Oracle Storage. Note: Transparent features (such as smart scans and storage indexes) are not listed. Table 1-2 Feature Availability for Oracle Engineered Systems and Oracle Storage Feature Exadata Supercluster ZFS Axiom FS1 Notes Hybrid Columnar Compression Y Y Y Y Y Hybrid Columnar Compression Row-Level Locking Y Y Y N Y Requires the Advanced Compression option Exadata Flash Cache Compression Y Y N N N Requires the Advanced Compression option Zone Maps Y Y N N N Requires the Partitioning option Fault Tolerant In-Memory Column Store Y Y N N N Requires the Database In-Memory option and the Real Application Clusters option I/O Resource Management Y Y N N N

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges - Ao tentar conectar no Banco com sysdba

Ao tentar me conectar como SYSDBA o resultado foi o erro ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Isso porque cometi um pequeno deslize na configuração do meu sqlnet.ora do SERVIDOR, eu havia copiado o mesmo de um CLIENT oracle, que estava configurado da seguinte forma:

Configuração Client Oracle:


SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

Ao copiar esta linha e acrescentar no meu sqlnet.ora do servidor passei a receber a mensagem ORA-01031: insufficient privileges no servidor da máquina.

sqlplus /nolog
SLQ>connect / as sysdba;

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges


Ao remover esta linha do meu servidor passei a conectar normalmente:

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)



Explicação:

Removendo SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS) do seu servidor não vai solicitar autenticação, com esse parâmetro setado é forçado a autenticação.


Ex:


Conexão normal sem o parâmetro setado no sqlnet.ora do servidor


[oracle@bdpetrobras:~]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 20 13:46:05 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production



Abaixo minha configuração do meu sqlnet.ora


[oracle@bdp:~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin


[oracle@bdp:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora

# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.


NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

ADR_BASE = /u01/app/oracle





Agora vou acrescentar o parâmetro dentro do sqlnet.ora


[oracle@bdp:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin]$ cat sqlnet.ora

# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS) 

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

ADR_BASE = /u01/app/oracle



Vou tentar efetuar uma nova conexão com esse parâmetro setado, conectando com sysdba

[oracle@bdp:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 20 13:52:35 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges



Enter user-name:

Como pode ser visto acima a mensagem ORA-01031: insufficient privileges ocorre na conexão, basta remover que tudo estará ok.

Em alguns Client Oracle essa mensagem já ocorre diferente sendo necessário setar este parâmentro no sqlnet.ora.

 SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS) 

Forçando a autenticação de senha:

sys@base as sysdba

Enter password: 

Export de variáveis na inicialização em sistemas Linux

É comum em certos ambientes que seja necessário incluir algumas variáveis de ambiente durante a inicialização, como exemplo iremos utilizar o export para configuração de proxy:


export http_proxy=http://proxy.dominio.com:8080

Para fazer export de variáveis quando o sistema subir, alterar os seguintes arquivos.


1 - /etc/rc.local (Red Hat based)
2 - /etc/rc.conf (BSD based)



Configurações que sobem quando o usuário loga


1 - /etc/profile (shell bash para todos os usuários)

2 - /home/usuario/.bash_profile (shell bash somente para o usuário específico, utilizado para export de variáveis)
3 - /home/usuario/.bashrc (Para execução de programas)


Globalmente

/etc/profile


A configuração é feita "globalmente" a fim de funcionar geral para todos e com isso não temos que re-digitar os comandos "export ..." toda vez que agente acessar o servidor.

Abrar o terminal e edite o arquivo (sempre usando o usuário root) "/etc/profile".
# vi /etc/profile

Comandos Linux - Mão na roda

Comandos para serem utilizando no Linux

Listando arquivos no linux que contenha uma determinada palavra em seu conteúdo.

# find / | xargs grep -s -a -i palavra_chave | cut -d : -f 1 | uniq

Serão mostrados todos os arquivos do computador que contenham esta palavra_chave. Note que você pode mudar o diretório de pesquisa no início do comando "find /". Você pode modificar por exemplo para "find /home/seu_usuário". 

No entanto existe um problema neste comando, se você tiver algum arquivo que contenha no meio do seu nome o caracter ":" , só irá mostrar a primeira parte do arquivo. 

Neste caso, que pode dar problemas, resuma o comando um pouco, mas a tela será preenchida com informações em excesso. Veja o comando abaixo: 

# find / | xargs grep -s -a -i palavra_chave | uniq

Se você quiser saber quantas vezes a palavra chave aparece, retire o comando "|uniq", será mostrado cada arquivo o mesmo número de vezes que encontrar a palavra_chave no arquivo.

Consertando permissões de arquivos e diretórios

# find /home/$USER/.* -type f -exec chmod 644 '{}' \;
# find /home/$USER/.* -type d -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;
# find /home/$USER/* -type d -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;

Explicando:

• find → Comando de busca;
• /home/$USER/.* → Diretório raiz da busca;
• -type (f ou d) → Tipo a ser buscado, neste caso: f busca arquivo e d busca diretórios;
• -exec → Execução do comando, neste caso chmod e suas devidas permissões;
• {} → Arquivo ou diretório encontrado;
• \; → Finalização do comando.

Obs.: A variável $USER contém o login do usuário atual.  

Instalação básica do Linux CentOS 6.6

Estarei efetuando uma instalação básica do CentOS 6.6 64bits, a instalação será feita em cima de uma máquina virtual caso você não possua o Virtualbox instalado, você pode acompanhar a instalação dele aqui.

Vamos efetuar o download da imagem do Linux CentOS 6.6, para isso devemos ir no site da comunidade para baixa-lo. Abaixo segue um link do mirror das imagens.

Clique aqui = > Mirror CentOS 6.6

Após selecionar um dos links acima você será direcionado ao conteúdo abaixo, selecione CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso  para efetuar o download, caso você queira baixar também as bibliotecas do CentOS você pode baixar o arquivo CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso.

Para nosso instalação básica precisamos somente do arquivo => CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso.

Com o VirtualBox já instalado em nosso máquina vamos criar uma máquina virtual para instalação do VirtualBox.

Selecione Novo.

Configure a mémoria da máquina virtual.

Selecione Criar um disco rígido virtual agora.

Estarei colocando um tamanho de 35G de disco.

Escolha o tipo de arquivo, eu gosto de escolher VMDK, por ter uma compatibilidade com o VMWARE, mais você pode escolher VDI sem problema.

Escolha Dinamicamente alocado e clique em próximo 

Clique em Criar disco

Escolha a primeiro opção Install or upgrade an existing system

Selecione Skip

Clique em Next

Selecione o idioma que será usando durante a instalação e clique em Next

Selecione o idioma compatível com seu teclado e clique em Next

Escolha a opção Basic storage Devices e clique em Next

Escolha No, keep any data e depois clique em Next

Dê um nome que você deseja a sua máquina e clique em Next

Selecione o time zone  - São Paulo e clique em Next

Coloque um senha para seu usuário Root, caso a senha seja fraca clique em Use Anyway, para utiliza-la assim mesmo e depois clique em Next

Escolha Use all Space para formatar o disco inteiro, removendo todo o seu conteúdo e clique em next

Escolha Write chances to disk, para aplicar as mudanças no disco e clique em Next

Selecione Desktop e clique em Next

Aguarde o processo de Instalação

A finalizar o process o de instalação clique em Reboot para reinicializar a máquina que foi feita a instalação.

Após reinicializar será mostrada a tela de boas vindas clique em Forward.

Selecione yes, I agree to the License Agreement, para concordar com o acordo de instalação e clique em Forward

É necessário criar um usuário para prosseguir , esse usuário é para que você não use o usuário Root (segurança) sem uma necessidade já que o mesmo é para Administração do ambiente

Configure a data e horário e clique em Forward

Clique em Finish